SpringBoot 整合 ES 进行各种高级查询搜索

**一、简介**  
在上篇 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 文章中，我们详细的介绍了 ElasticSearch 的索引和文档的基本增删改查的操作方法！

本文将重点介绍 ES 的各种高级查询写法和使用。

废话不多说，直接上代码！

**二、代码实践**  
本文采用的SpringBoot版本号是2.1.0.RELEASE，服务端 es 的版本号是6.8.2，客户端采用的是官方推荐的Elastic Java High Level Rest Client版本号是6.4.2，方便与SpringBoot的版本兼容。

> es 最大的亮点就是查询非常丰富，可以在上亿的数据里面快速搜索出目标数据，查询如果实现呢？请看下文

**•  单条件精确查询**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 单条件精确查询
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search0() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("name", "赵里"));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  多条件精确查询，取并集**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 多条件精确查询，取并集
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search1() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("name", "张", "陈"));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  范围查询**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 范围查询，包括from、to
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search2() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").from(20).to(32));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

/**
     * 范围查询，不包括from、to
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search3() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").from(20,false).to(30, false));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

/**
     * 范围查询, lt:小于，gt:大于
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search4() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").lt(30).gt(20));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  模糊查询，支持通配符**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 模糊查询，支持通配符
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search5() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.wildcardQuery("name","张三"));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  不使用通配符的模糊查询，左右匹配**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 不使用通配符的模糊查询，左右匹配
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search6() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.queryStringQuery("张三").field("name"));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  多字段模糊查询**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 多字段模糊查询
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search7() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("长", "name", "city"));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  多字段模糊查询**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 分页搜索
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search8() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .from(0).size(2);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  字段排序**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 排序，字段的类型必须是：integer、double、long或者keyword
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search9() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .sort("createTime", SortOrder.ASC);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  精确统计筛选文档数**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 精确统计筛选文档数,查询性能有所降低
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search10() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .trackTotalHits(true);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

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**•  设置源字段过滤返回**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 设置源字段过虑,第一个参数结果集包括哪些字段，第二个参数表示结果集不包括哪些字段
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search11() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .fetchSource(new String[]{"name","age","city","createTime"},new String[]{});

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

复制

**•  根据 id 精确匹配**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 根据id精确匹配
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search12() throws IOException {
        String[] ids = new String[]{"1","2"};
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("_id", ids));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }

}
```

复制

**•  matchAllQuery 搜索全部**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * matchAllQuery搜索全部
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search21() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

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**•  match 搜索匹配**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * match搜索匹配
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search22() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder()
                .query(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "张王"));

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

复制

**•  bool组合查询**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * bool组合查询
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search23() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder=new BoolQueryBuilder();
        boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "张王"));
        boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("age").lte(30).gte(20));
        builder.query(boolQueryBuilder);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

复制

**•  nested 类型嵌套查询**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * nested类型嵌套查询
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search24() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//条件查询
        BoolQueryBuilder mainBool=new BoolQueryBuilder();
        mainBool.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "赵六"));

//nested类型嵌套查询
        BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder=new BoolQueryBuilder();
        boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("products.brand", "A"));
        boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("products.title", "巧克力"));
        NestedQueryBuilder nested = QueryBuilders.nestedQuery("products",boolQueryBuilder, ScoreMode.None);
        mainBool.must(nested);

builder.query(mainBool);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

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**•  多条件查询 + 排序 + 分页**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 聚合查询 sum
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search30() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//条件搜索
        builder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        //聚合查询
        AggregationBuilder aggregation = AggregationBuilders.sum("sum_age").field("age");
        builder.aggregation(aggregation);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

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**•  聚合查询-求和**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 聚合查询 sum
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search30() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//条件搜索
        builder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        //聚合查询
        AggregationBuilder aggregation = AggregationBuilders.sum("sum_age").field("age");
        builder.aggregation(aggregation);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

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**•  聚合查询-求平均值**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 聚合查询 avg
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search31() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//条件搜索
        builder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        //聚合查询
        AggregationBuilder aggregation = AggregationBuilders.avg("avg_age").field("age");
        builder.aggregation(aggregation);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

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**•  聚合查询-计数**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 聚合查询 count
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search32() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//条件搜索
        builder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        //聚合查询
        AggregationBuilder aggregation = AggregationBuilders.count("count_age").field("age");
        builder.aggregation(aggregation);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

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**•  聚合查询-分组**

```markup
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public class SearchJunit {

@Autowired
    private RestHighLevelClient client;

/**
     * 聚合查询 分组
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void search33() throws IOException {
        // 创建请求
        SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//条件搜索
        builder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        //聚合查询
        AggregationBuilder aggregation = AggregationBuilders.terms("tag_createTime").field("createTime")
                .subAggregation(AggregationBuilders.count("count_age").field("age")) //计数
                .subAggregation(AggregationBuilders.sum("sum_age").field("age")) //求和
                .subAggregation(AggregationBuilders.avg("avg_age").field("age")); //求平均值

builder.aggregation(aggregation);

//不输出原始数据
        builder.size(0);

//搜索
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
        searchRequest.indices("cs_index");
        searchRequest.types("_doc");
        searchRequest.source(builder);
        // 执行请求
        SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        // 解析查询结果
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}
```

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**三、小结**  
本文主要围绕 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 进行各种高级查询的介绍，在下篇文章中，我们会重点介绍 es 的性能调优！

文章内容难免会有些遗漏的地方，欢迎网友批评指出！

本文转载自公共号Java极客技术。